What Is Physical Geography

The vast discipline of geography is divided into two major branches: 1) physical geography and 2) cultural or human geography. Physical geography encompasses the geographic tradition known as the Earth sciences tradition. Physical geographers look at the landscapes, surface processes, and climate of the earth—all of the activity found in the four spheres (the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere) of our planet. Key Takeaways: Physical Geography Physical geography is the study of our planet and its systems (ecosystems, climate, atmosphere, hydrology).Understanding the climate and how its changing (and the potential results of those changes) affect people now and can help plan for the future.Because the study of Earth is vast, numerous sub-branches of physical geography specialize in different areas, from the upper limits of the sky to the bottom of the ocean. In contrast, cultural or human geography spends time studying why people locate where they do (including demographics) and how they adapt to and change the landscape in which they live. Someone studying cultural geography might also research how languages, religion, and other aspects of culture develop where people live; how those aspects are transmitted to others as people move; or how cultures change because of where they move. Physical Geography: Definition Physical geography consists of many diverse elements. These include: the study of the earths interaction with the sun, seasons, the composition of the atmosphere, atmospheric pressure and wind, storms and climatic disturbances, climate zones, microclimates, the hydrologic cycle, soils, rivers and streams, flora and fauna, weathering, erosion, natural hazards, deserts, glaciers and ice sheets, coastal terrain, ecosystems, geologic systems, and so much more. The Four Spheres Its a little deceiving (even overly simplistic) to say that physical geography studies the Earth as our home and looks at the four spheres because each possible area of research encompasses so much. The atmosphere itself has several layers to study, but the atmosphere as a topic under the lens of physical geography also includes research areas such as the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, wind, jet streams, and weather. The hydrosphere encompasses everything having to do with water, from the water cycle to acid rain, groundwater, runoff, currents, tides, and oceans. The biosphere concerns living things on the planet and why they live where they do, with topics from ecosystems and biomes to food webs and the carbon and nitrogen cycles. The study of the lithosphere includes geological processes, such as the formation of rocks, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, soil, glaciers, and erosion. Sub-Branches of Physical Geography Since the Earth and its systems are so complex, there are many sub-branches and even sub-sub-branches of physical geography as a research area, depending on how granularly the categories are divided. They also have overlap between them or with other disciplines, such as geology. Geographical researchers will never be at a loss of something to study, as they often need to understand multiple areas to inform their own targeted research. Westend61/Getty Images Geomorphology: the study of Earths landforms and its surfaces processes—and how these processes change and have changed Earths surface—such as erosion, landslides, volcanic activity, earthquakes, and floods piola666/Getty Images Hydrology: the study of the water cycle, including water distribution across the planet in lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater; water quality; drought effects; and the probability of flooding in a region. Potamology is the study of rivers. Jan Tove Johansson/Getty Images   Glaciology: the study of glaciers and ice sheets, including their formation, cycles, and effect on Earths climate   Alan Copson/Getty Images Biogeography: the study of the distribution of life forms across the planet, relating to their environments; this field of study is related to ecology, but it also looks into the past distribution of life forms as well, as found in the fossil record. NASA/Getty Images Meteorology: the study of Earths weather, such as fronts, precipitation, wind, storms, and the like, as well as forecasting short-term weather based on available data Westend61/Getty Images Climatology: the study of Earths atmosphere and climate, how it has changed over time, and how humans have affected it Steve Debenport/Getty Images Pedology: the study of soil, including types, formation, and regional distribution over Earth InterNetwork Media/Getty Images Paleogeography: the study of historical geographies, such as the location of the continents over time, through looking at geological evidence, such as the fossil record valentinrussanov/Getty Images Coastal geography: the study of the coasts, specifically concerning what happens where land and water meet CorbisVCG/Getty Images Oceanography: the study of the worlds oceans and seas, including aspects such as floor depths, tides, coral reefs, underwater eruptions, and currents. Exploration and mapping is a part of oceanography, as is research into the effects of water pollution. The Tundra Mammoth lived during the Pleistocene epoch and into the early Holocene, and as such coexisted with humans. MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images   Quaternary science: the study of the previous 2.6 million years on Earth, such as the most recent ice age and Holocene period, including what it can tell us about the change in Earths environment and climate aaaaimages/Getty Images Landscape ecology: the study of how ecosystems interact with and affect each other in an area, especially looking at the effects of the uneven distribution of landforms and species in these ecosystems (spatial heterogeneity) stock_colors/Getty Images Geomatics: the field that gathers and analyzes geographic data, including the gravitational force of Earth, the motion of the poles and Earths crust, and ocean tides (geodesy). In geomatics, researchers use the Geographic Information System (GIS), which is a computerized system for working with map-based data. yacobchuk/Getty Images Environmental geography: the study of the interactions between people and their environment and the resulting effects, both on the environment and on the people; this field bridges physical geography and human geography. DETLEV VAN RAVENSWAAY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Getty Images   Astronomical geography or astronography: the study of how the sun and moon affect the Earth as well as our planets relationship to other celestial bodies Why Physical Geography Is Important Knowing about the physical geography of Earth is important for every serious student studying the planet because the natural processes of Earth affect the distribution of resources (from carbon dioxide in the air to freshwater on the surface to minerals deep underground) and the conditions of the human settlement. Anyone studying processes involving Earth and its processes is working within the confines of its physical geography. These natural processes have resulted in a plethora of varied effects on human populations throughout the millennia.

Best Place To Live Free Essays

Where is the best place to grow up and why? We can easily become biased and unwaveringly think the U. S. , but what do we really know about different countries and their cultures, or how they affect us developmentally? There are many factors to take into consideration such as life expectancy, standard of living, and education. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Place To Live or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why Sweden is ranked number one on the Children’s Index ranking, making the country the best place to grow up! Children in Sweden are among the few in the world who are safe from abuse as they are well protected by the law from slapping, smacking, pinching, hair-pulling, whipping, or any form of abuse. It is considered a criminal offense to beat a child. By comparison, in the United States alone, by the time a child is 2 years old, nine in ten parents have engaged in some sort of abuse and more than half of parents have slapped or spanked their children and one-third of parents have pushed, grabbed or shoved their children (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). These forms of abuse have a great impact on children as abused children show a high incidence of personal and social problems, low performance levels in school and low self-esteem. Typically, abused children are less attached to their parents, less intimate with friends, tend to withdraw and have the tendencies to become more aggressive and angry (Moylan et al. , 2010). Later on, they are at a greater risk for delinquency, risky sexual behavior and substance abuse (Sousa et al. , 2011). Swedish law ensures that children are protected and their rights are defended. These laws help to minimize and decrease the number of abused children, protecting them not only physically, but mentally and developmentally. Sweden uses some of its tax money to make sure children are looked after properly. As with most families, both parents work and children are in day care. In Sweden, day care is free and each set of parents receive 480 days of paid parental leave per child to stay home with their children until the age of 8! This offers a two- fold advantage for both parents and children. Studies have reported several positive aspects of day care. Some studies show that children in day care are more social, tend to share their toys, display self-confidence and are more outgoing. Results also conclude that children in day care score higher in cognitive skills than those who are at home.(Belsky et al. ,2007). There are some limitations within these case studies but the fact remains that many families need to place their children in day care which can be very costly. Providing paid parental leave also gives parents the opportunity to stay home with their children to continue the emotional bond while establishing secure attachment. Most parental leave is taken by mothers, but fathers are spending an increasing amount of time at home with their children. The more sensitive the father is to the child, the stronger the attachment. (Lucassen et al. , 2011). From preschool onwards, children are encouraged to think independently and the Swedish tradition of preschool emphasizes the importance of play in a child’s development and learning. At preschool the emphasis is on play. In many countries, including the US and the UK, there is a drive towards setting goals and assessing the progress of preschoolers but the Swedish system focuses more on basic values such as playing together and consideration for others. Play helps children develop motor skills and coordination. It also contributes to social development as children learn to share, take turns, and begin to engage in creative play. Piaget identified different kinds of play, characterized by cognitive complexity to include functional play, symbolic play, constructive play, and formal games (Rathus, 162). The preschool in Sweden not only holds to play in education but also to fantasy and creativity. The quality of pretend play is connected with preschoolers’ academic performance later on, and their social skills (Russ, 2006 Stagnitti st al. , 2000). Exercise is vital to a child’s development and reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Physically active children have a better self- esteem and coping mechanisms yet most children in the U. S. are not physically fit. Keeping fit and enjoying the great outdoors are very much part of Swedish culture and schools shut for a week’s â€Å"sports vacation† in February each year, when many families head north to ski as children play outside at every opportunity, even in the depths of winter. Children being protect, enjoying good health, free education, and an active social life contribute to Sweden finishing first in The Children’s’ Well- Being Index and convince me that Sweden is the best place to grow up. How to cite Best Place To Live, Papers

Ernest Hemingway The Lost Generation Essay Example For Students

Ernest Hemingway The Lost Generation Essay Ernest Hemingway The Lost GenerationErnest Hemingway is a renowned American author of the Twentiethcentury who centers his novels around personal experiences andaffections. He is one of the authors named The Lost Generation.He could not cope with post-war America, and therefore heintroduced a new type of character in writing called the codehero. Hemingway is known to focus his novels around code heroeswho struggle with the mixture of their tragic faults and thesurrounding environment. Traits of a typical Hemingway Code Heroare a love of good times, stimulating surroundings, and strictmoral rules, including honesty. The Code Hero always exhibitssome form of a physical wound that serves as his tragic flaw andthe weakness of his character. In Ernest Hemingways The Sun AlsoRises Jake Barnes is the character who maintains the typical CodeHero qualities; while Robert Cohn provides the antithesis of aCode Hero. Jake Barnes, the narrator and main character of The Sun AlsoRises, is left impotent by an ambiguous accident during World WarI. Jakes wound is the first of many code hero traits that hefeatures. This physical wound, however, transcends into anemotional one by preventing Jake from ever consummating his lovewith Lady Brett Ashley. Emotional suffering can take its toll onthe Code Hero as it did with Jake Barnes. Despite the deep lovebetween Jake and Lady Brett, Jake is forced to keep therelationship strictly platonic and stand watch as different menfloat in and out of Lady Ashleys life and bed. No one other thanJake and Brett themselves ever learn the complexity of theirrelationship because Jakes hopeless love for Brett and the agonyit entails are restricted to scenes known to themselves alone. Therefore, Jake suffers in silence because he has learned to trustand rely only upon himself, which is conducive to the HemingwayCode as well. Jake is an American who travels to Europe to satiate his appetitefor exotic landscapes and to escape his pain. Jake tries to livehis life to the fullest with drinking, partying, and sporting withfriends. With these pastimes, Jake hopes to hide from his faultand get on with the life he has been made to suffer. Watching andparticipating in sports help accentuate the Code Herosmasculinity and provide the sense of pride Jake has lost. Thisgain of pride is essential in the Hemingway Code. Jake attendsfishing trips with friends, he visits Pamplona, Spain to witnessthe running of the bulls, and he acts as a mediator betweenarguing friends. These characteristics reveal his strongcharacter built of courage and grace. Jake, as with any Code Hero,is a man of action who spends more time achieving goals thantalking about them. Jakes friend, Robert Cohn violates everything a Hemingway CodeHero represents.He is rich, gifted, and skillful and is readyto discuss his emotions in detail. Robert refuses to admit defeatwhen Brett rejects him repeatedly. Unlike Jake, when Cohn is hurt,he insists on complaining to everyone instead of suffering insilence. Cohn does nothing to assert his masculinity, either. Heallows people, especially women to ridicule him and knock down hisself esteem. Cohn obviously can not stand up for himself and doesnot take action when he should. Consequently, Robert has no selfcontrol. When a matador sleeps with Brett, whom Cohn is in lovewith, he takes out his jealousy by beating him repeatedly. Although a man of action, Jake, the quintessential Hemingway Hero,knows when to control himself, Robert Cohn does not. .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .postImageUrl , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:hover , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:visited , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:active { border:0!important; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:active , .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765 .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43fe2045707698e65f95acccabd81765:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: DRUG ABUSE in the United States of America, we, th EssayOn the whole, Jake Barnes strictly adheres to the qualities of thetypical Hemingway Code Hero. He relies solely on himself, utilizeshis assets, enjoys bullfights and other honorable activities. Heis an individual of action and speaks not of what he believes;rather he just does what he believes to be right subtlety withoutany fanfare. Jake has lived with disappointment and frustrationall his life, yet he overcomes it and uses the lesson to hisadvantage. On the other hand, Robert Cohn, who has had the easylife is the perpetual loser. He allows people to walk all overhim and continually feels sorry for himself. Robert Co hn is thefalse knight, who, in theory should be the victorious protagonistbut will always turn out to be a shallow person who lives on thefringes of life. In the end, the person who does not possess theCode Hero qualities can never discover himself, and thereforenever truly be happy.

How to Write Amazon Product Listings That Rank Well

While many freelance writers are familiar with the basics of SEO, most of that knowledge is focused on how to rank for Google. But what about writing on Amazon? Amazon accounted for 43% of all U.S. ecommerce sales in 2016. So, it’s easy to see the value of ranking highly for relevant search terms. There are a lot of different factors that go into determining the top rank for a given search query. This post breaks down how to write a product listing has everything it needs to rank well on Amazon. Anatomy of a Great Amazon Product Listing There are 4 main pieces of a product listing when it comes to writing for a product listing for Amazon: 1. The title 2. Feature bullets 3. Product description 4. Hidden keywords The Title The title is the main feature of a product listing. With up to 200-characters to work with, crafting a descriptive and keyword-rich title is the first step to creating a great product listing. Consider this example taken from Amazon’s Seller Support. â€Å"A product called Laura Ashley Sophia Collection 300-Thread-Count Pillow Cases (Blue, Queen, Set of 2) is better than Blue Pillow Cases.† Copywriters are encouraged to include not only include the product name in the title, but also the brand, product line, material, product type, color, size and quantity. But how you structure your product title will vary depending on the product category. Amazon has a list of formatting suggestions here, but I’ve highlighted a few below. Product Style TV Brand + Model Number + Product Type + (Color/Pack Size) Computers Brand + Model Number + PC Type + (Processor speed + MB of RAM + Hard Drive Size+ Optical Drive) Cookware Brand + Line + Size+ Product Type Bedding Brand + Line/Pattern + Thread Count + Material + Size + Product Type, Color Small Appliances Brand + Model Number + Model Name + Product Type, Color Amazon is also very clear about their standards for writing product titles and what not to do: Always capitalize the first letter of each word Always use numerals (2 vs. two) Never include the price Never use ALL CAPS Never include words like â€Å"sale† or â€Å"free shipping† Feature Bullets Feature bullets are next most prominent part of a product listing. They’re used to highlight the top 5 features you want to customers to know about. Similar to the title, the length and format of your feature bullets will vary depending on the product type. Have a look at the difference between the #1 product for â€Å"pens† and the #1 product for â€Å"Bluetooth speaker†. The pen has short, succinct bullets. The speaker has long, descriptive bullets that highlight various product specs. Some best practices for feature bullets include: Focus on product-specific features, like dimensions or age appropriateness Don’t include shipping or company information Separate phrases in a single bullet with a semicolon Don’t include the price Product Description If you scroll to the bottom of a product listing on Amazon, you’ll see the product description. Compared to the title and feature bullets, the product description is a bit hidden away on the product listing. None the less, it can be an important part of increasing your rank on Amazon. While product descriptions aren’t indexed by Amazon, they are a great place to provide hesitant shoppers with a bit of extra information to help close the sale. This will improve your conversion rate and sales rank, ultimately helping to improve your search rank on Amazon. When writing product descriptions, be sure to keep the following in mind: Consider how you can use images or videos to communicate your product’s value Use full sentences and proper punctuation and grammar Don’t include company information such as the seller’s name or website Don’t include promotional language such as â€Å"free shipping† Hidden Keywords Last, but certainly not least, are the hidden keywords. Because product listings can only be found through search if the listing contains all the search terms used, it’s important to include as many relevant keywords as possible. That’s where the hidden keyword fields come in. These fields give you a chance to add a variety of keywords that may not be appropriate to include in the title or feature bullets. Tip 1: Hyphenate words whenever possible – Amazon’s algorithm considers all combinations of hyphenated keywords, so including â€Å"noise-canceling† would also include â€Å"noise†, â€Å"canceling†, â€Å"noise canceling† and â€Å"noise-canceling.† Tip 2: Never repeat keywords – One of the unique aspects of A9 is that the number of times a keyword appears in a listing has no effect on how well it ranks for that keyword. This means that writers need to use the space given to include a variety of keywords, related terms and common abbreviations. For example, let’s say you’re selling organic skin cream. Then your hidden keyword fields might be â€Å"skin cream face body hand neck facial eye† and â€Å"moisture moisturizer lotion care filler ointment cosmetic†. There are 5 hidden keyword fields, each with a 100-character limit so use those fields well. A Final Thought Writing product listings for Amazon is a unique challenge. Freelancers, marketers and copywriters that master the nuances of writing for A9 will have a valuable and highly sought-after skill. Do you need quality content to support your content marketing? Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions and other assets to tell your brand story, drive SEO and win sales.

Essay on The Alchemist

Essay on The Alchemist Essay on The Alchemist Berenice Mejia Jehanne Brown English 70 Journal #1 Main Points: * Santiago is a Shepard who likes to his job because he enjoys traveling. * He meets a shopkeeper’s daughter which he can’t stop thinking of and is looking forward to see her again after waiting a whole year to deliver wool to his father again. * Santiago dreams a strange dream twice which he is curious about. * He decides to go see a Gypsy to try to figure out what his dream means. * After hearing his dream, the Gypsy tells him to go to the place where the dream takes him and she requests 10% of the treasure when he finds it. * He then meets a man, which ends up being a king, who tells him to follow the path that god has prepared for him and that was to go find the treasure and he as well requests one-tenth of his sheep because he helped him make his decision. * He meets an old man at a bar to which he offers to be his guide, which the old man agrees after he finds out he has enough money. The old man then runs off with all the money the boy had after he i s distracted looking at a sword. * He then walks in to a shop where he meets a crystal merchant that offers him a job. Summary: Santiago is a Shepard who likes to his job because he enjoys traveling. With one of the stops he made to deliver wool he meets a shopkeeper’s daughter which he has a conversation with and couldn’t stop thinking of since. The thought of her even made him doublethink if he had made the right decision of traveling since she made him consider wanting to stay in one place forever. Santiago then has a weird dream which a week later he dreamt of again. He decides to go see a Gypsy to try to figure out what his dream meant. After hearing his dream, the Gypsy tells him to go to the place where the dream takes him and she requests 10% of the treasure, the dream tells him he is going to find, when he finds it. He then meets a man, which ends up being a king, who tells him to follow the path that god has prepared for him and that was to go find the treasure. He also requests one-tenth of his sheep if he decides to go. It’s only fair since he had helped him make the decision. Santiago decides to take the challenge since he had nothing to lose. He then meets an old man at a bar to which he offers him to be his guide to which the old man agrees after he finds out he has money. The old man then runs off with all the money the boy had after he is distracted looking at a sword. Even though Santiago becomes a little discourage he decides he is going to continue to find the treasure. He then walks into a shop where he meets a crystal merchant that offers him a job. Personal Response: The reason I’m enjoying this story so far is because the situations Santiago goes through really do happen to people in the real world. When the old man he meets at the bar steels his money for example, shows how you can’t be humble and trust everybody. There’s thieves out there which all they look for is to steal from people regarding what the case might be. I also enjoyed the last section in part one where he is offered a job by the crystal merchant. It shows that as there are bad people out there, there is good that are willing to help out even if it’s a stranger. I relate to this because it feels like something my mom might do and it just reminds me so much of her. That is what makes it beautiful. Evidence: As I’ve mentioned in the previous text, I can relate to this story because in a lot of the situations it reminds me of my mom. â€Å"It was as if some mysterious energy bound his life to that of the sheep, with whom he had spent the past two years, leading them through the countryside in search of food and

Marketing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market Essay

Marketing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market - Essay Example The researcher states that alternative energy news gives a range of definitions of energy-saving vehicles indicating that an energy saving vehicle has one or more of the following qualities. A stop-start engine, with is a standard internal combustion engine which turns itself off when the car comes to a stop. A hybrid vehicle which combines a standard internal combustion engine with battery-powered technology, allowing the car to select the most efficient source of power through an onboard computer. Finally, there are cars which run entirely from an electrical source based upon current battery technologies. At present Toyota produces and markets two models of energy saving vehicle in the UK each of which has a slightly different marketing mix. The Prius is Toyota’s original hybrid model and is aimed at the mid-upper end of the market for family cars. The car is marketed as a product which is environmentally friendly and gives the consumer long-term cost savings with low MPG co nsumption rate. The car is currently marketed in four specifications ranging in price from  £21,000 to  £27,000. While the performance figures for the car in terms of fuel consumption are a significant selling feature of the model and see the cost of running far lower than many other vehicles on the market. Critics indicate that there are also other energy saving vehicles on the market which far higher levels of performance when it comes to the issue of cost savings. With the Toyota Prius now entering its fourth generation, one may consider that the product is entering the maturity stage of the product lifecycle. Consumers no longer see the Toyota Prius as a radical innovation but a practical way of enjoying low-cost motoring from the perspective of running costs. Toyota Auris represents the second model of energy saving vehicle to be introduced to the UK market by Toyota. Like its predecessor, the Toyota Prius the car makes use of hybrid engine technology to deliver a vehicle w ith low running costs and other financial benefits such as low tax duties. However, the marketing mix and target audience for the Auris model is slightly different to that of the Prius.

Psychological theories relating to Frankenstein (Mary Shelley's Case Study

Psychological theories relating to Frankenstein (Mary Shelley's Frankenstein) - Case Study Example Although Frankenstein has been noted for its treatment of the philosophical, mythological, scientific, and feminist questions, it is fundamental to realize that the novel also undertakes an in-depth study of the psychology of mind, human nature and, most significantly, alienation. The offers an important case of reference to an analysis into how human brain creates one’s mental world and the novelist portrays the images of her politico-cultural world and value system through the characters of the novel. Significantly, Mary Shelley has been greatly novel effective in unleashing the images of her mental world into the intellectual sphere of her novel in a subjective, complex and problematic way and establishes the relationship between the theories of the mind and the motivations of the characters. â€Å"Mary Shelley translates politics into psychology. She uses revolutionary symbolism†¦ Her characters reenact earlier political polemics on the level of personal psychology.à ¢â‚¬  (Sterrenburg, 144) Therefore, a reflective analysis of the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley corroborates that the motivations of the characters in the novel are directed by the mental world of the novelist. Psychological theories dealing with the working of human mind can be greatly useful in comprehending the construction of a literary work, especially the characterization of a novel. ... In order to comprehend the theories of mind in relation to the motivations of the characters in the novel, it is essential to realize the philosophical context of the work which is suggested by the theory of the ‘tabula rasa’ or ‘clean slate’. â€Å"This theory, held by the Empiricists, maintains that the mind, at the beginning of a person’s life, is empty; after birth, the senses receive impressions and are able to formulate ideas.† (Joshua, 25) The mental world of the novelist created by the socio-cultural and political images of her contemporary situation was crucial in the creation of the major characters in the novel. Significantly, the major characters of the novel, the young student of science and the monster created by him, offer a crucial example of how the mental world is linked to character-motivations. An investigation into the complex and multifaceted personalities of Frankenstein and the creature is essential in realizing the moti ves of these characters as the making of their mental world. Similarly, every significant question concerning science and society as discussed in the novel brings out this crucial link between the motivation of the character and their mental world. In a profound understanding of Mary Shelley’s creation account in the novel, it becomes lucid that the mental world of the creator has a great influence on the motivations of his creation. Thus, the mythic ambiguity of the central characters, Victor Frankenstein and the creature, points to the underlying moral ambiguity of the story. In Shelley’s creation account, neither the creator nor the creature in his rebellion has morally pure motivation. This characteristic feature of the novel corresponds to the link between the mind and the motivations